The title of this post may appear to be a misnomer. As we understand it, “culture” as defined means the beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular social group, place, or time. However, this post is intended only to share with you some of my journeys and visits to important sites “of historical and cultural significance” on our planet.
Valley of the Kings Egypt 8th May 2012
Someone once said: “I hear I forget I see I remember I do I understand.” Human consciousness is individual. It is a personal thing. Therefore each one of us has individual consciousness of things around us. Different people are affected differently (if at all) after the journeys to places outside and beyond our comfort zones.
Pompeii Italy (taken on 4th May 2014)
It is not possible for me on this blog to share with you all the places to which I have had the blessings of visiting, but I will try to share some which have (in different ways) materially “broadened my horizon” and deepened my own faith in the process. I am cognizant of the fact and understand some readers of my blog may come away with different feelings and conclusions (if at all). There are many locations around the world where pivotal events had happened, but I can share only a few and hopefully can update this post from time to time. Some of these events had occurred as a result of “Force Majeure.” Others happened as a result of “human conflicts”...
CAMBODIA
Deriving from the Sanskrit word “nagara” (city), Angkor was the capital of a flourishing empire between the 9th and 15th centuries. The ruins of Angkor are located amid forests and farmland to the north of the Great Lake Tone Sap and near modern-day Siem Reap city in Cambodia. The temples of the Angkor area number over one thousand, but the most magnificent are Angkor Wat and (the less known but equally impressive) Angkor Thom to which I had the opportunity of visiting in the Autumn of 2011.
The foremost Hindu concept is the temple mountain. Angkor Wat is surrounded by moats built in a mountain-like pyramidal shape and topped by precisely five towers representing Mount Meru’s five peaks.
Angkor Wat, built roughly between 1113 AD and 1150 AD by the Khmer King Suryavarman II, was originally built as a Hindu temple dedicated to the god Vishnu. It gradually moved from Hindu to Theravada Buddhist use which continues to the present day. An estimated 93 percent of the population of Cambodia follows Theravada Buddhism.
Approaching Angkor Wat
Going up to the Upper Gallery at Angkor Wat
As we look from the Tower of Angkor Wat
Devatas are characteristic of the Angkor Wat style.
Modern-day craftsman at work
Many statues of Buddha were added to the already very impressive artworks
Theravada Buddhist monks
Angkor Thom is about 7 km north of Siem Reap city and about 2 km from Angkor Wat. The Khmer Ruler Jayavarman VII (reigned 1181-1220 AD) devoted much of his energy to religious construction projects. Large numbers of the awesome temples, including the Bayon (a distinctively Mahayana Buddhist central pyramid), were built during his reign. “The Bayon’s most distinctive feature is the multitude of serene and massive stone faces on the many towers which jut out from the upper terrace and cluster around its central peak.”
The South gate of Angkor Thom
Bayon (a distinctively Mahayana Buddhist central pyramid)
Following the death of Jayavarman VII, the Bayon was modified and augmented for Hindu and Theravada Kings by their individual religious preference.
The temple of Ta Prohm was used as a location in the film Tomb Raider
The trees growing out of the ruins are perhaps the most distinctive feature of Ta Prohm and “have prompted more writers to descriptive excess than any other feature of Angkor
The demise of Angkor is a mystery. It has been suggested that several factors contributed to its demise: war with the neighbouring polity conversion of the society to Theravada/Mahayana Buddhism overpopulation and climate change. The difficulty in determining the precise reasons for its collapse lies in the lack of historical documentation. So far, much of its history is derived from the detailed Sanskrit carvings at the polity’s temples and the trade reports with China.
Sanskrit carvings at the polity’s temples
Turkey
Lycia was a geopolitical region in Anatolia that lies in today’s provinces of Antalya and Mugla in Southern Turkey.
Lycian Rock Tombs
Lycia is known to history since ancient Egypt and the Hittite Empire in the late bronze age…But the ancient Lycians are among the most enigmatic people of antiquity. They had left behind our very little historical records.
What has so far been discovered reveals the lifestyle of a fascinating people culturally different and distinct from the rest of the ancient world at that time. I had the opportunity to view (albeit from a distance) some of the major sites displaying Lycian unusual architecture, including incredible rock-cut tombs carved into cliff faces dominating the breathtaking unspoiled land of Lycia.
For further study – Dynasty Lycia: A political history of Lycians and their relationship with the foreign powers 545-362 BC by Anthony G Keen.
EGYPT
The Karnak Temple is actually a complex with multiple temples to a variety of Theban gods. The centre of the complex was the Amun (and later Amun-re) Temple. It was the largest temple precinct and possibly the most important in ancient Egypt. The building at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom (12th Dynasty 1971 – 1926 BC) and continued well into the Ptolemaic (Hellenistic) period.
The Ptolemaic dynasty ruled the Hellenistic kingdom in Egypt that Ptolemy I Soter founded after the death of Alexander the Great (in 323 BC) and ended with the death of Cleopatra VII and the Roman Conquest ( in 30 BC ). The construction of the complex went through a long period of almost 1300 years, with at least 30 successive pharaohs adding their individual touches to the complex, such as new temples, shrines, pylons and carved detailed hieroglyphic inscriptions.
The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian Ipet-isut (“The Most Selected of Places”) and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head.
One famous aspect of Karnak is the Hypostyle Hall in the Precinct of Amun-Re a hall area of 4650 square metres with 134 massive columns arranged in 16 rows. One hundred and twenty-two (122) of these columns are 10 metres tall and the other 12 are 21 metres tall with a diameter of over three meters. “The north side of the hall is decorated in raised reliefs and was mainly Seti I’s work. The southern side of the hall was completed by Ramesses II (Seti’I son) in sunk relief. However, he used raised relief at the very beginning of his reign before changing to the sunk relief style and re-editing his own raised reliefs there. Ramesses II also usurped the decoration of his father along the main north-south and east-west processional ways of the hall, giving the casual observer the idea that he was responsible for the building. Most of Seti I’s reliefs in the northern part of the hall were respected, however”. 
In 323 AD Constantine accepted Christianity and ordered the closing of pagan temples throughout the Roman empire. Christian churches were founded among the ruins. The most famous example of this is the reuse of the Festival Hall of Thutmose III where we were (on our recent visit to Karnak) to see the painted decorations of saints and Coptic inscriptions. 
“Much of what we know about Egypt’s New Kingdom Pharaohs comes from their statuary and reliefs carved at the Karnak Temple and their mortuary temples and tombs across the river. It is worth emphasizing that the Karnak Temple was not constructed as a public monument designed to teach living object lessons to Egypt’s citizens. Ordinary people were not allowed inside the Temple complex. Consequently, every architectural feature, however massive or beautiful, was designed by each Pharaoh to impress his god; and, possibly, to keep the very powerful priesthood as good allies.” extract from “The Bible According to Karnak” published in the Fall 2004 issue of “Bible and Spade”— Associates for Biblical Research.
The Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III is located in the Theban Necropolis on the west bank of the Nile opposite Luxor. It was built for the Pharaoh Amenhotep III. The Temple was believed to be larger than the complex at Karnak. The Temple covered 350,000 square metres but because it was constructed closer to the river than any of the other mortuary temples it decayed quicker.
Today we see very little remains of the complex. Only the Colossi of Memnon – two massive 18-metre stone statues of Amenhotep stood at the gateway are still visible. These two massive statutes have stood in the Theban necropolis for than 3500 years. The site has since been included in the World Monument Watch list of endangered sites by the World Monument Fund…
The twin statutes were made from blocks of Quartzite sandstone quarried at el-Gabal (near modern day Cairo) and transported overland for about 675 km to Thebes because they were too heavy to be shipped upstream on the Nile. They have stood in the Theban Necropolis across the river Nile since 1350 BC. On close examination, we could see the statues are quite damaged with the facial features virtually unrecognizable.
The eastern-northern figure (the one on my left) has a large crack in the lower half and above the waist. The original function of the Colossi was to stand guard at the entrance to Amenhotep’s Memorial Temple (a massive construct built during the lifetime of the Pharaoh) where he was worshiped as a god-on-earth both before and after his departure from this world.
JORDAN
PETRA (established possibly as early as 312 BC) was the capital city of the Nabateans. It has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1985. UNESCO has described Petra “as one of the most precious cultural properties of man’s cultural heritage”.
Inhabited since prehistoric times this Nabataean city situated between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea was an important crossroads between Egypt and Phoenicia. Petra a half-built (half-carved into the rock) city surrounded by mountains riddled with passages and gorges where ancient Eastern traditions blend with Hellenistic architecture.
The Siq (the main entrance to the ancient city of Petra)
Petra was the Greek name that referred to the Nabataean capital’s rocky location in the red sandstone mountains of Edom. Edom was a historical region of the Southern Levant located south of Judea and the Dead Sea. “According to 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles, Amaziah led a counteroffensive against Edomite raiding parties that had been marauding in his kingdom. He pushed them back into Edom, where they took refuge in a mountain fort called Sela (meaning the Rock; “Petra” is Greek for Rock). Amaziah slew 10,000 men while capturing the fort (2 Kings 14:7); then he threw the survivors of the siege of the mountain to their deaths (2 Chronicles 25:11–12). Early in this century, the massif of Umm el- Biyara, which overlooks the central Petra Valley on the west, was identified as a possible biblical Sela location. Subsequent excavations on top of the plateau by the British archaeologist Crystal M. Bennett uncovered a small Edomite settlement. Still, the earliest datable remains were from the seventh century B.C., a century after Amaziah, 3 thus ruling out Umm el-Biyara as the site of Sela. Nevertheless, Bennett’s excavations proved Petra was inhabited in the Iron Age”- Exploring Jordan – 2008 Biblical Archaeology Society.
Visitors admiring the Treasury.
The name Edom (meaning “red” in Hebrew) was given to Esau the eldest son of the Hebrew patriarch Isaac. Genesis 25:30 (KJV): “And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage; for I am faint: therefore was his name called Edom”.
The Torah Tanakh and New Testament thus describe the Edomites as descendants of Esau. Obadiah prophesies that Edom would be “small among the nations . . . utterly despised” (Obadiah 1:2). Obadiah’s prediction came true in the fifth century BC when Edom was removed from Petra. The Edomites would later disappear from history completely. In His dealings with Edom God kept His promise to His people “Whoever curses you I will curse” (Genesis 12:3).
Al Khazneh (popularly known as “the Treasury”), hewn into the sandstone cliff
Pre-Islamic times the Nabataeans worshiped the Arab Gods and Goddesses and a few of their deified kings (e.g. Obodas 1). According to Arab tradition, Petra is the spot where Moses struck a rock with his staff and water came forth and where Moses’ brother Aaron is buried at Mount Hor known today as Jabal Haroun or Mount Aaron. The narrow valley at the head of which Petra is sited is called Wadi Musa (Wadi of Moses)…
In the 4th century (nearly 500 years after Petra’s establishment as a trade center) Christianity found its way there. After the Islamic conquest of 629–632, Christianity in Petra gave way to Islam. “Although Aaron and his final resting place are holy for all the three monotheistic religions of the Jewish, Christians and Islam, till the last decades of the 20th century it was really hard for non-Muslims to pay a visit on the mountain. For its great sanctity for the local people, they used to keep a suspicious eye on every foreigner attempting to get there. However, nowadays, with a necessary amount of respect and an open mind in a cultural-religious way will help one gain their trust and give their famous natural hospitality and caring help in advance. This trip actually has to be undertaken in a spirit of a pilgrimage and a spiritual journey through history and tradition.”-http://nabataea.net/haroun.html.
Petra is usually identified ( in the Bible) with “Sela” which means a “rock” (Judges 1:36 & Isiah 16:1 ) or “the cleft in the rock” (Obadiah 1:3 ) “The pride of thine heart hath deceived thee, thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, whose habitation is high; that saith in his heart, Who shall bring me down to the ground?”. In the parallel passage, “Sela” is understood to mean simply “the rock” (2 Chronicles 25:12 )
MEXICO
Chichen Itza- a large pre-Columbian city (located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state Mexico) was built by the Maya people of the Post Classic.
The tzompantli or Skull Platform
Columns in the Temple of a Thousand Warriors
According to Maya chronicles, Hunan Ceel (ruler of Mayapan) conquered Chichen Itza in the 13th century. While there is some archaeological evidence that indicates Chichén Itzá was at one time looted and plundered there appears to be greater evidence that it could not have been by the Mayapan (at least not according to some other sources when Chichén Itzá was an active urban center).
Archaeological data now indicates that Chichen Itza declined as a regional center by 1250 before the rise of Mayapan. Ongoing research at the site of Mayapan may help resolve this chronological conundrum. Chichen Itza was for many years the center of pilgrimage for the ancient Mayans. In recent time the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) which manages the archaeological site of Chichen Itza has been closing monuments to public access.
Visitors can walk around them but they can no longer climb them or go inside their chambers. The El Castillo had already been closed for over a year before we arrived in the Spring of 2008.
CHINA
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses situated east of Xian in Shaanxi China was discovered on 29 March 1974 by a group of farmers digging a water well. This discovery is one of the most significant discoveries in the 20th century. 
Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting Qin Shi Huang’s armies who rule as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty from 220 to 210 BC. Qin was also accredited for building the first version of the Great Wall of China. He ruled until his death which occurred in 210 BC despite an infamous search for an elixir of immortality. The purpose of the terracotta army was to protect the emperor in his afterlife. At the time of our visit in 2008 four pits had already been partially excavated. Three are filled with terracotta soldiers horse-drawn chariots and weapons. 
The fourth pit is empty a testament to the original unfinished construction. Archaeologists estimate the pits may contain as many as 8000 figures but the total may never be known. According to the writings of court historian Siam Qian, Emperor Qin ordered the mausoleum’s construction shortly after taking the throne. More than 700000 laborers worked on the halted project in 209 B.C. amid uprisings a year after Qin’s death. 
GREECE
The Parthenon was a temple constructed on the Acropolis in Athens Greece for the Greek goddess Athena.
Construction of the Parthenon began in 447 BC and took 10 years to complete. It was turned into a Christian Church in the 6th century. After the Ottoman’s conquest of Athens in 1458 the Parthenon was converted into a mosque
Ottoman Turks use it for storing gunpowder during the Venetian attack on Athens (1687). The stores were ignited during the bombardment causing an explosion that damaged the building. However, its basic structure remains intact and reconstruction and restoration efforts have been underway.
However, its basic structure remains intact and reconstruction and restoration efforts have been underway. In 1974 when I first visited the Acropolis it was uncrowded with tourists. In 1975 the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures. I noticed the tremendous difference and change during my recent visit (40 years later) in the Spring of 2014.
The Parthenon will not be restored to a pre-1687 condition even though the damage caused by the explosion will be mitigated. Restoring the structural integrity of the edifice is important because the Parthenon is situated in an earthquake-prone region. I noticed during my recent visit that its aesthetic integrity is also being restored by filling in sections of the column drums and lintels (which were chipped) with apparently the same marble sculptured and cemented in place.
CYPRUS
The Land of Aphrodite, the Goddess of love, is officially the Republic of Cyprus, an island country in the far Eastern Mediterranean Sea and a member of The European Union.
The Rock of Aphrodite (Petra Tou Romiou) in Paphos
Seafaring people from the Near East landed their boats on the island of Cyprus some 10000 years ago. Cyprus, situated at the eastern end of the Mediterranean, is at the crossroads of three continents—Europe, Asia, and Africa. The location (a meeting point of great civilizations) has been a major factor influencing its history. 
The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia and Cyprus is home to some of the world’s oldest water wells.
Marble statue of Aphrodite in Cyprus museum
Wiccan Horned God in Cyprus Museum
Petra Tou Romiou is also known as Aphrodite’s Rock, is a sea stack in Paphos Cyprus. The Island of Cyprus played a great part in Greek mythology as the birthplace of Aphrodite.
The statute of “Aphrodite of Soli” has become a symbol of Cyprus.
Ayia Napa Monastery
The Ayia Napa Monastery is now an Ecumenical Conference Centre serving churches in Cyprus and the Middle East.
The culture of Cyprus is divided between the two distinct cultures of Greek and Turkish Cypriots. Each community maintains its own culture linked to Greece and Turkey’s cultures, and there is a little cultural interchange between the two groups.
Inside a Greek Orthodox Church
Distant view of the Greek Orthodox Church
The Greek culture has been present on the island since antiquity. Christians make up 78% of the Cypriot population. Most Greek Cypriots and, therefore, most of the population of Cyprus are members of the Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus.
Inside the Selimiye Mosque
The Ottoman Empire brought the Turkish culture to the Island in 1570. Most of the Turkish Cypriots are officially Sunni Muslims.
The Island was conquered by Alexander the Great in 333 BC. Following his death and the subsequent division of his empire among his successors, Cyprus became part of the Hellenistic empire of Ptolemaic Egypt.
The Island was conquered by Alexander the Great in 333 BC. Following his death and the subsequent division of his empire among his successors, Cyprus became part of the Hellenistic empire of Ptolemaic Egypt.
Cyprus became a Roman province in 58 BC. Mark Anthony gave the island to Cleopatra VII of Egypt, but it became a Roman province again after his defeat at the Battle of Actium (31 BC) in 30 BC. It was in Paphos where Sergius Paulus the proconsul (or Roman governor of the island province of Cyprus) was converted to Christianity on Paul’s first Missionary Journey (Acts 13: 6-13)
Credit: HolyLandPhotos / HolyLandPhotos.org … In 1877, an inscription was found near Paphos, bearing Sergius Paulus’s name and title of proconsul. Ten years later, his name was also found on a memorial stone in Rome. The stone records that in AD 47, he was appointed as one of the keepers of the banks and channel of the river Tiber. He held this office when he returned to Rome after his three years as governor of Cyprus.
Although information about early history is easily available to us, we usually overlook Cyprus passages. They were, in fact, crucial in laying down the foundation for Barnabas and Paul’s mission to spread the Word of Christ among the Gentiles in foreign lands. Acts 13:2 “As they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Ghost said, Separate me, Barnabas and Saul, for the work whereunto I have called them..”.
St. Paul’s Pillar
After the Ptolemaic Dynasty (See Karnak Temple on this blog), the eastern half and western half of Cyprus came under the rule of Byzantium. The Arabs invaded Cyprus in force in 653 AD during the Arab-Byzantine wars. In 688 AD, the emperor Justinian II and the Caliph Abdul al-Malik reached an unprecedented agreement. For the next 300 years, Cyprus was ruled jointly by both the Arabs and the Byzantines. The Byzantines recovered control over the island for short periods thereafter, but the status quo was always restored.
In 1191 during the Third Crusade Richard, I of England captured the island from Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus. He used it as a major supply base that was relatively safe from the Saracens. A year later, Richard sold the island to the Knights Templar, who, following a bloody revolt, in turn, sold it to Guy of Lusignan (King of Jerusalem 1186-1192), who as Lord of Cyprus eventually died in Nicosia in 1194. The descendants of the Lusignans continued to rule the Kingdom of Cyprus until 1474.
UNITED STATES of AMERICA
Oak Alley Plantation is located in the community of Vacherie, Louisiana. It is one of the most photographed plantations because of its quarter-mile canopied walk lined with a double row of 28 oak trees leading from the Mississippi River. The Mansion exterior features a free-standing colonnade of 28 Doric columns (on all four sides) that correspond to the 28 oak trees in the alley.
This is a common feature of pre-civil war (antebellum) mansions of the Mississippi Valley. Construction is of bricks made on-site the 16″ walls were finished with stucco on the exterior and painted white to give a resemblance of marble.
The mansion has a square floor plan, organized around a central hall that runs from the front to the rear on both floors.
.The rooms feature high ceilings and large windows.
Oak Alley was initially a sugar cane plantation. Built in 1839, the plantation was originally called Bon Séjour, but eventually, the iconic tree-lined walk leading to the Mansion led to it being renamed Oak Alley.
The French introduced African chattel slaves to the territory in 1710 after capturing a number as plunder during the Spanish Succession War. To develop the new territory, the French transported more than 2000 Africans to New Orleans between 1717–1721 on at least eight ships.
The most noted slave who lived on Oak Alley Plantation was named Antoine. He was listed as “Antoine, 38, Creole Negro gardener/expert grafter of pecan trees” with a value of $1000 in the estate’s inventory conducted on J.T. Roman’s death. On the 18th of December 1865, slavery ended in the United States. The Secretary of State William Seward issued a statement verifying the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, making the end of slavery official eight months after the end of the Civil War.
“Religions” …around the world…
According to some estimates, there may be more than 4000 religions in the world. Religion is difficult to define. Perhaps we may simply call it a “cultural system.” It is a collection of beliefs and worldviews that relate and connect humanity to spirituality and sometimes moral values. Most religions have narrative symbols, traditions, and sacred histories intended to give meaning and purpose to life or explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive ethics guidelines, laws, or preferred lifestyles from inspirations or ideas about the cosmos and human nature.
The Blue Mosque 26th April 2009
Hurva Synagogue Jerusalem
A Samoa longhouse 4th May 2013. In Samoan mythology, an explanation of why Samoan houses are round is explained in a story about the god Tagaloa, also known as Tagaloalagi (Tagaloa of the Heaven)
20th May 2012 India
14th October 2010 Korea
8th March 2011 Hawaii
9th March 2011 Hawaii
9th March 2011 Hawaii
20th May 2010 Japan
8th October 2010 China
3rd May 2013 Samoa
PIVOTAL EVENTS in human history… natural or caused by human conflicts …
An ancient voice reaches out from the past to tell us about the destruction of Pompeii and the story of the most catastrophic and infamous volcanic eruptions in human recorded history. The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of Pliny the Younger’s two letters (who was 17 at the time of the eruption) to the historian Tacitus. “A few years after the event, Pliny wrote a friend, Cornelius Tacitus, describing the happenings of late August 79 AD when the eruption of Vesuvius obliterated Pompeii” .
Pompeii was buried under 4 to 6 m of ash and pumice after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It was lost for over 1500 years until its initial discovery in 1599 and broader rediscovery almost 150 years later by Spanish engineer Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre in 1748. An estimated 16000 people died as a consequence of the eruption. Excavations in the site have generally ceased due to the moratorium imposed.
Pompeii with Mount Vesuvius towering above.
The conservation concern has continually troubled archaeologists… The objects buried beneath Pompeii were well-preserved for almost two thousand years. The lack of air and moisture allowed for the objects to remain underground with little to no deterioration.
Excavations in the site have generally ceased due to the moratorium imposed.
Like Pompeii, Herculaneum was buried by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius. However, unlike Pompeii, it was actually more preserved than destroyed by the blast. This means the buildings were better preserved, including many that we still saw, giving visitors a more accurate feel for what the city looked like before the eruption. The hot ash that covered Herculaneum sealed frescoes and mosaics on their walls. The objects buried beneath Pompeii were well-preserved for almost two thousand years. The lack of air and moisture allowed for the objects to remain underground with little to no deterioration.
World War I Memorial at Vanuatu, which was then known as the New Hebrides
Caused by human conflicts.
WAR Harry Emerson Fosdick: “The tragedy of war is that it uses man’s best to do man’s worst.” There is a need to reconcile Harry Emerson Fosdick’s saying with that of Edmond Burke: “All tyranny needs to gain a foothold is for people of good conscience to remain silent.” I was born in the time of war ( WWII ) and have been called a “Peacenik” at some stages in my life. However, war (to me) is sometimes necessary, e.g., against Adolf Hitler.
Model of the atomic bomb detonated over Nagasaki.
WWII Memorial at Nagasaki.
11: 02 am 9th August 1945, the moment of the explosion and the instant the Nagasaki city and its citizens suffered utter devastation.
Peace be with you
Nicholas
“no more will envy blind us nor will pride our peace destroy” – As We Gather at Your Table (Carl P. Daw Jr.)
Just a thought: Is human conflict the “fruit” of the original sin of man: “pride”?
… My journey continues… come walk with me…
…informative…good.
Share…
Peacenik ! – I like it – more likely because you initiated and was the founder and President of The Justices of The Peace Sabah, Malaysia . Anyway thanks for sharing. 🙂
Perhaps… 🙂